Opportunities for deception are common in negotiations, and expectations about negotiation deception matter. Mason and colleagues (2018) conducted eight studies on negotiation deception. Five studies identified the nature of negotiators' expectations about negotiation deception. Three studies tested how negotiators' expectations about others' ethical practices influence negotiators' own decisions to be deceptive or honest in negotiations....

In a legal case, misinformation consists of any faulty information that an eyewitness receives after a crime takes place. Morgan and colleagues (2103) studied how misinformation provided during a highly stressful experience influences eyewitness memories for the identity of a person.....

Using a general versus specific verdict form can affect the liability decision made by a jury. Schmidt and Diamond (1998) examined the effect of verdict forms on liability judgments in a products liability case. Jurors given a general verdict form were nearly twice as likely to favor the plaintiff as those with the special verdict form....Burd (2018) explored how liability decisions are influenced by the type of verdict form used and the necessity to justify the liability verdict in a defamation case....

Pre-trial publicity (PTP) related to a case often is both sided and slanted, emphasizing primarily negative information in an unbalanced manner about either the defendant or the injured party. Ruva and Guenther (2017) examined how juries made up of jurors exposed to various types of negative pre-trial publicity differ in their deliberations and decision-making from juries comprised of jurors exposed either to no PTP or only one type of PTP....

Evidence can be presented to jurors both verbally and visually, and if visual, as either an illustrative or substantative demonstrative. A substantive demonstrative has independent probative force, providing independent proof of a fact at issue in the case. Illustrative aids give visual form to other evidence, but provide no independent proof of that other evidence. Park and Feigenson (2021) conducted three studies that examined the effects of demonstrative evidence on mock jurors' pain and suffering damage awards....

Beliefs about what qualifies as sexual harassment matter to how judges and juries make decisions in sexual harassment cases.Rotundo, Nguyen and Sackett (2001) found in a meta-analysis of 62 research studies including over 33,000 participants that....

Multiple witnesses often observe an incident and, on average, 86% engage in post-event discussion with their co-witnesses (Paterson and Kemp, 2006). Witness communication can contaminate the memories of co-witnesses. Information suggested by one witness becomes, over time, part of other witnesses' memories and the other witnesses then remember seeing information which they only heard from another eyewitness. Co-witness communication leads to conformity in memories across witnesses....Garry and colleagues (2008) investigated co-witness suggestibility by having pairs of participants sit together and watch a crime video....

Hindsight bias is the tendency to overestimate the foreseeability of an outcome once the outcome is known. The hindsight bias is pervasive in decision-making, including juror decision-making. Research finds, for example, that jurors overestimate the likelihood of how foreseeable....

Journalists rely on eyewitnesses for many important details in news reports of legal cases. Reporters ask eyewitnesses questions and publish news reports of information that both includes and goes beyond what eyewitnesses say. Eyewitnesses both questioned and not questioned by reporters are exposed to the published news reports. Blom and Huang (2021) conducted three studies investigating whether news reporters taint eyewitness memories either directly through misleading questions to eyewitnesses or indirectly by publishing information that eyewitnesses then encounter....

False confessions are not rare. The National Registrar of Exonerations has reported that of the 2,400 exonerees in their database, 292 (12 percent) had falsely confessed. The Innocence Project has helped exonerate 375 individuals incarcerated for murders and rapes through post-conviction DNA testing, of whom 28 percent falsely confessed. False confessions also are powerfully persuasive evidence of guilt. False confessions are potent even when the interrogation is coercive, the decision-makers are trial judges, the confessors are juveniles, the confessions are reported secondhand by a motivated informant, and the confessions are contradicted by DNA and other evidence (see, for review, Rizzelli